Supervised Exercise Programs Are More Effective Than Home-Based Programs for Controlling Type 2 Diabetes

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Community center–based resistance training for the maintenance of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, by D.W. Dunstant and colleagues. Diabetes Care 29:2586–2591, 2006.

What is the problem and what is known about it so far?

People who are overweight have a greater chance of getting type 2 diabetes, and many people who are overweight already have the disease. Exercise programs can help prevent and manage diabetes.  

Why did researchers do this particular study?

Several studies have shown that supervised weight training is a good way for middle-aged and older adults to control diabetes. However, not all people with diabetes are able to take part in supervised programs. Because of this, scientists wanted to compare the results of a supervised (gym-based) weight-training program with an at-home weight training program.

How was the study done?

The researchers studied 57 overweight men and women who were between 40 and 75 years old and had type 2 diabetes. The study had two phases and took place over a period of 14 months.

The first phase was 2 months long. It took place at a laboratory and was supervised by trainer. It consisted of a warm up and cool down, easy cycling and stretching exercises, and about 45 minutes of intense resistance training. 

The second phase was 12 months long. The men and women took part in either a supervised or an at-home program, and they worked out two to three times each week. 

The researchers called the participants each month to make sure they were following the program and to answer any questions.

What did the researchers find?

The people who took part in the supervised, center-based program did a better job of sticking to their weight-training routine. As a result, they showed long-term improvements in blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity (how well their cells used insulin). Unfortunately, the people in the at-home program didn’t do a very good job of sticking to their routine and, therefore, didn’t show any long-term improvements in blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity.

What are the limitations to the study?

This study did not include comparisons with a group of people who did not exercise. This limits how well we can assess the effects of weight-training among those who took part in either program.

What are the implications of the study?

Exercise should be a key part of all people’s lifestyles, especially among those who have diabetes. As this study shows though, sticking to home exercise programs is still a major challenge for most people. This study reinforces not only the importance of exercise for people who have diabetes, but also the need for better, more affordable access to health centers, exercise trainers, and motivational support for those who can benefit most from supervised exercise programs.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Exercise and Diabetes

Weight Loss Matters

The “I Hate to Exercise” Book for People With Diabetes, 2nd edition