School-Based Program Reduces Diabetes Risks

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School-based intervention acutely improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory markers and fatness in junior high school students, by M. Rosenbaum and colleagues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:504-508, 2007.

What is the problem and what is known about it so far?

Diabetes is the result of genetic traits we inherit from our parents combined with personal habits such as diet and physical activity. Although we can’t do anything about our genes, we can control how we eat and exercise.

As the number of children who are overweight or obese continues to grow, many of these people will develop diabetes if they remain untreated. Changing habits at an early age is key to avoiding the disease, disability, and premature death that comes with obesity and diabetes.

Why did the researchers do this particular study?

The researchers wanted to evaluate the effect of a short but intensive program to improve the health, nutrition, and exercise habits of children likely to develop diabetes in the future.

Who was studied?

The study included 73 8th-grade students in a mostly Hispanic public school in New York City.

How was the study done?

All of the students had a physical exam and blood drawn for lab tests. The students were assigned to a class that met once a week for 45 minutes over 3 to 4 months. In the class, the students were taught about a good diet and other healthful habits and the importance of physical activity. The students also engaged in an exercise program.

What did the researchers find?

At the end of the study, students in the intensive program had lost body weight. Blood tests showed that their bodies were better able to handle insulin and glucose, and they also had lower levels of inflammatory substances that are signs of disease.

What were the limitations of the study?

The number of students was small, and the study included only students from a mostly Hispanic public school. A study with more participants from different backgrounds may lead to different results. Also, as a voluntary program, it only included children willing and able to cooperate.

What are the implications of the study?

An intensive, short-term program can promote healthful habits in a group of people likely to develop type 2 diabetes.