Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

---

Saydah S, Fadkin J, Cowie C.: Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA 291:335–342, 2004.

What is the problem and what is known about it so far?

People with diabetes who are able to control their blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels lessen their risk of getting cardiovascular disease (disease of the heart and blood vessels). People with heart and blood vessel disease are more likely to have a heart attack, stroke, or other health problems.

For this study, researchers wanted to find out how well people with diabetes were able to control their blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Who was studied?

The people selected for this study were at least 20 years old and diagnosed with diabetes.

How was the study done?

Researchers looked at data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. One group of 18,822 participants was surveyed from 1988-1994. A second group of 4,874 participants was surveyed in 1999-2000.

What did the researchers find?

It is important for people with diabetes to keep their long-term blood glucose levels (A1C) below 7%, blood pressure below 130/80 and cholesterol below 200 to help stay healthy. Few people with diabetes in this study kept these measures at healthy levels.

What were the limitations of the study?

The study included a fairly small number of people with diabetes. Research with a larger group of people might lead to different results. The surveys did not seek detailed information about other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Other factors could be at work that were not considered by the researchers.

What are the implications of the study?

Doctors, health professionals, and public health officials need to make a greater effort to educate people about the importance of reducing their risk of facing the effects of type 2 diabetes.